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BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL VALUES and DIAGNOSING DIABETES

Wednesday, September 9th, 2009

These days blood sugar test or blood glucose test is a common and convenient procedure done for people who are suspected to have diabetes or those who are at a high risk of having this disease.  Once diagnosed with diabetes, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is of utmost importance.  Remember that the level of glucose on the blood cannot be determined based on symptoms alone, that is why a reliable way to measure blood glucose is necessary.

Normally, when we consume food, especially those high in sugar and carbohydrates, the body keeps the sugar balance through the action of the hormone insulin.  Insulin, from the pancreas, acts to lower blood sugar levels.  However, among diabetic people, they either have poor insulin production (Type 1) or resistance to the effects of insulin (Type 2).

So when tested, what is the normal blood glucose level?  Actually, rather than just a normal value, there is a normal range. The acceptable range is also different for the different methods of measuring blood glucose levels. There are currently different tests for measuring blood sugar.  One example is the fasting blood sugar test, wherein the patient needs to have no food consumption for at least 8 hours prior to taking a blood sample for analysis.  Results should range from 70-99 mg/dL to be considered normal.  A value ranging from 100-125 mg/dL is called impaired fasting glucose which means the patient has a high likelihood of having diabetes in the future. If on at least two occasions, the results are greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL, the patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

There is another test called random blood sugar test that can be taken anytime regardless of the last food intake. This time the target value should be below 200 mg/dL.  If above that value, and in the presence of symptoms, diabetes mellitus is the diagnosis.  Pre-diabetes may also be detected if the random blood sugar value is from 140-199 mg/dL.    A blood test called oral glucose tolerance test wherein a patient is asked to drink a solution containing 75mg of sugar after a period of fasting.  Two hours later, a blood sample is taken and analyzed for its sugar content.  The desired value should be below 140 mg/dL.

The diagnosis of pre-diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance all indicate that the patient is a high-risk candidate for having diabetes.  Therefore, advice on a healthier diet and lifestyle must be stressed to prevent the progression of the condition.  Blood sugar testing does not end with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus alone.  Among diabetics, proper monitoring of blood glucose is a must as keeping it within normal levels will be a very important way of preventing diabetic conditions that affect the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels.

If you suspect you have diabetes, or if you have a strong family history of the disease, it is best to consult a physician so he/she can order the necessary tests.

TINGLING SENSATION OF THE HANDS AND FEET – Diabetes Symptom

Wednesday, September 9th, 2009

A lot of symptoms of diabetes can start out subtly, unlike heart attacks or strokes which cause sudden catastrophic emergencies.  In some cases, the first thing that a patient notes is a tingling sensation in their hands, and in some others, in soles of their feet.  If patients who have this symptom cannot point to a known cause, it is worth further investigation.  Most often, the initially affected body parts are the hands and the feet, or the classic “stocking-and-glove” distribution.  Patients may describe it as numbness, loss of feeling, or even a “pins and needles” sensation.  Regardless of whichever way patients may describe it, the symptom can possibly be attributed to the nerve damage caused by diabetes.  This problem with nerve function is called neuropathy.

What causes neuropathy in diabetics has to do with uncontrolled blood sugar.  As the body metabolizes the sugar we had from our diet, the byproducts from the excess glucose, such as sorbitol, can eventually accumulate.  As these build up, they hinder normal nerve processes from continuing.  Therefore, because the nerves cannot function as they should, damage is inevitable, and symptoms such as numbness and tingling can sooner or later arise.

One of the biggest risks in having an impaired sensation in the extremities is the loss of pain perception.  Because most of those who have diabetic neuropathies do not feel what happens as they touch sharp or harmful objects, they cannot protect themselves from it.  So they can have a cut, a blister, a bruise, and yet they are not able to detect it until much later.  For example, a diabetic patient can step on broken glass but have no knowledge that he did, only to discover later that he has bleeding wounds.  The complication arises when the patient also has poor wound healing and can sustain infections from these uncared for cuts.

Around half of diabetics can have some form of neuropathy.  However, it must be kept in mind that the abnormal sensations from neuropathy cannot be attributed to diabetes mellitus alone.  There can be a constellation of causes that can result in neuropathy.  It is therefore best to be seen by a physician when there is any decreased or abnormal sensation in the palms, soles, or any body part.

The first step in diagnosing the cause of neuropathy is to take a simple blood sugar test.  If through the test diabetes is confirmed, then it is important to take measures to control the blood glucose levels.  There are different medications that may be prescribed to control blood sugar and to gradually return the integrity of the nerves.  Furthermore, it is very important to give advice regarding lifestyle modifications such as proper diet, regular physical activity, and blood sugar monitoring.

Diabetes, and the symptoms that go along with it, need not be a devastating health problem.  With regular glucose monitoring and good adherence to medical advice, diabetes mellitus can be well controlled and managed.